Type of Nodes

  • Witness Nodes

  • API nodes

  • Seed Nodes

  • Block Producing Nodes


In the Graphene blockchain network, you might find the slightly different naming of nodes, such as a full node, witness node, or block producer. All nodes keep updating an internal database by applying the transactions as they arrive in incoming blocks. The difference between the node types lies in the amount of history they keep track of, and in the functionality they provide.

A witness node is a node run by a witness. Each witness node validates all blocks and transactions it receives. The nodes of elected witnesses take turns in bundling new transactions into blocks and broadcasting them to the network.

API nodes provide network services to client applications. They usually have account transaction histories accessible though API calls, but can vary in the amount of available history. Full nodes are API nodes with a complete transaction history of all accounts.

Seed nodes are nodes that accept incoming P2P connections. They are the first nodes contacted by a freshly started node. In that sense they serve as an entry point into the network. Once a node has entered the network it will receive additional node addresses from its peers, so all nodes can connect to each other. A seed node can also be an API node. The Graphene core software, also called witness_node, comes with a preconfigured list of seed nodes for easy bootstrapping.

So, when and who producing blocks? We call Block Producers ; they serve an important role of validating signatures and timestamping transactions by including them in a block and broadcast it. Block Producers are witnesses who got enough votes to become active witnesses and can produce a block when they got their turn “time slot”.

Each time, block producers produce a block, they get paid for their services. Their pay rate is set by the GPH holders via their elected committee members. If failing to produce a block in a time slot, then the block producer is not paid. Currently, Graphene blockchain has 27 Block Producers (Active Witnesses). You can find Graphene Blockchain witnesses in Graphene UI wallet Explorer-witnesses, or other Explorers.

You could think about Graphene blockchain nodes like the below.

  • Node Types

    • API Nodes (i.e., nodes with an open RPC port)

      • Nodes with Full History (a.k.a. full nodes)

      • Nodes with Partial History

    • Seed Nodes (i.e., nodes with an open P2P port)

    • Block Producing Nodes

      • Block Producer or Active Witness Node (belongs to a voted-in witness and is configured with correct key)

      • Standby Witness Node (either a not-voted-in witness, or a voted-in witness with different key)

Graphene Architecture

After proper Graphene-Core release installed, each type node is implemented by the same executable, however, each node would need to set up different configurations to start the node.

For example; although a block producing node can have full history, that would be a waste of resources. Block producing nodes should run with minimal plugins (i.e., only witness_plugin). Also, Block producing nodes should not have open network ports.

We strongly recommend all node service providers to run and maintain their own nodes for reliability and security reasons.



System Requirements

Attention

IMPORTANT: By default the witness node will start in reduced memory mode by using some of the commands detailed in Memory reduction for nodes.

In order to run a full node with all the account history you need to remove partial-operations and max-ops-per-account from your config file. Please note that currently(2018-10-17) a full node will need more than 160GB of RAM to operate and required memory is growing fast. Consider the following table as minimal requirements before running a node:

Default

Full

Minimal

ElasticSearch

120G SSD, 16G RAM

1T SSD,64G RAM*

100G SSD, 8G RAM

1T SSD, 32G RAM

(*For this setup, allocate at least 500GB of SSD as swap.)